http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1461 2026-04-23T15:26:15Z 2026-04-23T15:26:15Z Ettela, Abora http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2984 2019-03-13T07:46:12Z 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Sensibility Pattern of Different Antibiotics Used in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Hospitalized Children Ettela, Abora Typhoid fever is caused by the gram-negative bacteria called Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted by ing~sting food or drinks contaminated by the feces or urine of infected people. Symptoms develop after 1 - 3 weeks. Around 10% of people infected can ex~rete the'. vims for the lip to 1 month. Nf'.arly half become permanent carriers and are capable of infecting other people. Complications that may occur are intestinal perforations, hemorrhages, and ulcers. Typhoid fever is common in endemic areas such as Asia, Africa and South America. It is however rare in the developed countries especially in North American countries and Europe. Bangladesh happens to be one of the endemic regions due to its poor sanitary and sewage systems. It can be diagnosed by certain blood, bone marrow, and/or stool tests that look for the bacteria. Widal tests are the specific tests for typhoid. But very often physicians diagnose by clinical examination. Typhoid fever is treated by antibiotics. Chloramphenicol was the drug of choice earlier. Other drugs successfully used were ampicillin and eotrimoxazole. But recently t.heSt: drugs have become resistant. This is k.nown as multi-drug resistance. Currently other antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins e.g. ceftriaxone are being used successfully. It is believed that typhoid fever can be eradicated by pl'Oper and hygienic water and sanitary facilities. Vaccination is another good option for inoculating the current masses. Some of the vaccines are Vi Polysaccharide vaccine (composed of purified polysaccharide from S. Typhi capsule), a live attenuated strain of S. typhi, and inactivated whole cell vaccine. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

0012-01-01T00:00:00Z Hossain, Shahriar http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2983 2019-03-13T07:46:11Z 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Prospect of Doripenem in Bangladesh Pharma Market Hossain, Shahriar Doripenem is a novel carbapenem drug. It is broad spectrum antibiotic. Effort was given to find about the characteristics of the drug and whether it is suitable to launch in the Bangladesh market. Information was gathered from website, journal and books. For market fisibility study IMS, MIMS and QUIMP was observed. It was found that doripenem is non inferior to meropenem, imipenem and ertapenem. It can be used in the complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra abdominal infections. Doripenem is not in Bangladesh yet. If it is launched doripenem market size would be 10,00,000 taka and its growth would be 10% first year, 25% second year, 15% in third year. From the information from market fisibilty study, swot analysis and product positioning it may be profitable to launch doripenem in Bangladesh. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

0012-01-01T00:00:00Z Anika, Nayiar Shahid http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2982 2019-03-13T07:46:11Z 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of Typhoid fever and its Treatment in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka Anika, Nayiar Shahid Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi and Salmonella parathyroid respectively. Typhoid fever is a major public health problem and one of the leading cause of febrile illness of children in developing countries. An estimated 600,000 deaths occur from typhoid fever annually throughout the world. Doctors are likely to suspect typhoid fever based on symptoms and medical history. But the diagnosis is usually confirmed by identifying S. typhi in a culture of the patient's blood or other body fluid or tissue and is placed on a special medium that encourages the growth of bacteria. Typhoid fever is endemic in Bangladesh. Until the mid-1980s, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin or Cotrimoxazole, were the standard treatments. Multi-drug resistance defined as resistance to these first-line agents used to treat typhoid has been endemic in most of South East Asia and the Indian Subcontinent for many years. However, in children, it poses a major therapeutic dilemma where the disorder is fast assuming epidemic proportions. Since then, Ciprofloxacine or third generation cephalosporins, Ceftriaxone have become the first-line treatment for typhoid fever. Infection with nalidixic acid-resistant S. typhi with decreased susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin has been reported from Vietnam, Tajikistan, the UK, India and Bangladesh since 1997. In the UK, the percentage of S. enterica serover Typhi strains showing decreased seuceptibility to Ciprofloxacin increased from 2.7% in 1995 to 21 % in 1998. Hence, the routine disk diffusion test with Ciprofloxacin disk alone is unable to detect such cases. (Asna, S.M.Z.H., et.al). Currently, the recommendation for first-line therapy is Ceftriaxone but Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella typhi was detected in Bangladesh in 1999. In this hospital-based study, the patients were treated with the following drugs: Amoxycillin Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin; among which Ceftriaxone was found to be mostly used and effective despite its cost and problems in administration. The determination and evaluation of the impact of sensitivity of various antibiotic on clinical response in patients with typhoid fever was the main concern of the present study. . This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

0012-01-01T00:00:00Z Sadlly, Chowdhury Mohammad Sayem http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2981 2019-03-13T07:46:12Z 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Market Feasibility of Indapamide from View Point of a New Company Sadlly, Chowdhury Mohammad Sayem The objective of preparing this report is to find out whether Indapamide (an antihypertensive drug) could be launched in the market or not, from view point of new company. Indication: Indapamide is a diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs as well as for the treatment of salt and fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure or edema from pregnancy.l High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.2 lndapamide works by preventing the kidney from reabsorbing (retaining in the body) salt and water that is destined to be eliminated in the urine. This results in increased urine output I diuresis). Indapamide also is thought to reduce the salt in the smooth muscle of the walls of c-lood vessels. (The salt ultimately is eliminated in the urine.) The loss of salt from the muscle .. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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