http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1463 2026-04-23T15:25:17Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2987 Socio Demographic Analysis of the Tuberculosis Patients Associated with Anaemia. Rouf, Rupak Bangladesh is one of the endemic region of Tuberculosis and Anaemia is a common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. Environmental factors such as lacking of health hygienic, poor sanitation, water, food habits, living area, malnutrition, lack of medical care etc. are mainly associated with anaemia in TB. The major objective of this study was to determine different risk factors that are associated with Anaemia in Tuberculosis patients. The study was done at the general ward in National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In this study 32 cases of TB patients were taken from the pulmonary TB patients who were infected or suspected to be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and blood sample were collected from them. This study gives the brief description of the demographic data of the studied patients including their age, sex, religion, living condition and area, working place, coughing condition, smoking condition and their height and weight. It was found that among the patients 65% were male and 35% were female, indicating that male patient were more prone to the disease than female patients. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 18-28 years (75%), followed by 29-39 years (67%), and ~ 40 years (35%). About 78% were unmarried and widowed and 79% were married. The study also shows that among the 23 patients 67% were uneducated/others and among the educated patients there where 44% people have education level between class 1-5, 67% between class 6-10 and 9% between class 10-Higher educations. The data indicates that among the patients there are 95% day labour, 82% employed, 75% bussinessmen & others and 50% housewife & unemployed. 79% have their monthly expenditure between 2500-15000 Tk. and 75% have between 2500-9000 Tk. Among them 83% live in Village, 78% in city, 67% in rural area and 100% in the slum area. Among studied tuberculosis patient 60% people have never smoked, 87% are currently smoking and 80% have smoked before & occasionally. The study also shows the coughing condition of the patients where 80% people have coughing problem before getting tuberculosis infection, 75% people don't. In the study 89% people are new smear positive, 50% people are new smear negative and 87% of people are relapse case and are infected because of previous treatment failure. The result of the study showed that different factors are also associated with anaemia in tuberculosis along with the major cause. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2986 Prescription Pattern of Three Upazila Health Complexes of Bangladesh. Chowdhury, Md Shaidur Rahman In developing countries like Bangladesh, medically inappropriate, ineffective, and economically inefficient use of pharmaceuticals is commonly observed in the health care system throughout the world. Various forms of inappropriate prescribing often remain unnoticed by those who are involved in health sector decision making or delivery of health services. This problem will usually come to the attention of health decision makers or managers when there is an acute shortage of pharmaceutical budget and action for cost efficiency is required. This study investigated the pattern of utilization of health care services provided by the Upazila Health Complex (UHC). The overall aim of the study was to identify the factors that are affecting the use of Health Care (HC) services and to provide policy recommendations for improving the utilization of HC facilities at the UHC level. The study focuses on socio-economic factors, knowledge and attitude of the people and demographic factors that are affecting the use of HC services from population perspectives. The irrational use of drugs in the health care system is not only because of the financial reasons but also the policy makers and managers are usually most concerned. Irrational use of drug is harmful for the patients and for the nations. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2978 In Vitro Antibacterial Susceptibility Test of Tridosil and Azimex-500 Rahman, Masudur Azithromycin IS a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic chemically related to erythromycin and clarithromycin. It is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and infections of the ears, lungs, skin, and throat. Quality of drugs must be controlled to get desired therapeutic effect. In a pharmaceutical sense, quality means checking and directing the degree or grade of excellence of processes and products. Antimicrobial susceptibility test is one of the quality control tests to estimate the quality and purity of antibiotics. It is performed by using disk diffusion test. The objective of the thesis is to measure the sensitivity and purity of the antibiotic by comparing with the standard. It is significant to determine the quality and purity of antibiotics because of rapid occurrence of antibiotic resistance due to use of substandard or poor quality drugs. The test was performed using Tridosil and Azimex-500 in three different concentrations such as 50 n;g, 75 n;g and 100 n;g. Three different species of bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar plates and different concentrations of sample were applied by disc diffusion method and incubated overnight. Inhibitory activity of the antibiotic was measured as zone of inhibition in mm. The zone of inhibition of the sample was compared with the zone of inhibition of the standard. Results show that both Tridosil and Azimex-500 contain sufficient amount of active ingredient which is required to achieve desired therapeutic activity. It indicates that the samples of different brands are manufactured according to GMP guidelines and have the quality which meets the standard specifications. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/2974 In vitro sensitivity study of Zoxanide against clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Islam, Zahidul Amebiasis is a very common disease allover the world. Almost 10% people of the world suffer from amoebiasis. Poverty, ignorance, overcrowding, poor sanitation and malnutrition favor transmission and increased disease burden. Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess. The objective of this study was to find out the in vitro sensitivity of Nitazoxanide against clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histoiytica isolates were collected from the stool and then cultured in different culture medium. Zoxanide was prepared in different concentrations of 4.6, 2.3 ,1.15 , 0.575 , 0.287 ,0.143 and 0.07187 J.1M using the Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) solvent. They were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After incubation the isolates of viable Entamoeba histoiytica were counted. The viable counts of the Entamoeba histolytica in each concentration of Zoxanide were compared to the initial concentration as well as the control. As the concentrations of Nitazoxanide decreases (4.6, 2.3, 1.15, 0.575, 0.287, 0.143 and 0.07187 flM), the inhibitory activity of Zoxanide was also found to be decreased. Further studies are needed to check the efficacy of other brands ofNitazoxanide. This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0012-01-01T00:00:00Z