http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/402 2026-04-08T10:09:47Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3184 Analyzing the Effectiveness of Access to Information (a2i) Program in Promoting Women Empowerment in Selected Areas of Bangladesh: A Case Study of Shimulia Union Parishad and Muksudpur Union Parishad, Dhaka District Wasata, Ruhun Access to Information (a2i) (a2i-II: 2012 – 16) is a program functioning across Bangladesh in partnership with the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), UNDP and USAID. To date, ‘a2i’ has created 4,547 Union Digital Centers (UDCs) in every Union (the lowest tier of local public administration in Bangladesh). Women entrepreneurs were set in those UDCs with the aim of increasing women empowerment. This paper investigates to what extent ‘a2i’ is effective in promoting women empowerment through women entrepreneurship. To find the answer, this paper analyzed primary data collected from two different Union Parishads (UPs) of Bangladesh: Shimulia UP and the Muksudpur UP, Dhaka district. Data collection followed both the quantitative and qualitative approach. Analysis of this data set found out different aspects and socioeconomic challenges for women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. The results of this paper indicate that the socioeconomic barriers are causing the a2i program to have a less profound impact in promoting women empowerment through women entrepreneurship. This paper proposes that the design, redesign, and implementation of the a2i program should have a flexible characteristic so that it can address the socioeconomic challenges from within the scope of the program. This paper can be used as a guidepost for the future policy formulations related to women entrepreneurship and empowerment. Furthermore, this research provides an opportunity to conduct nationwide research for identifying a general pattern between the a2i program and its implications for women empowerment. 2019-07-08T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/3078 Silicon Nanowire Biosensors for Helathcare and Environmental Control Hakim, Mohammad Mojammel Al In recent years, nanowire (NW) based ultrasensitive sensors have been widely investigated for the potential of real time, high sensitivity and label-free detection. Among different nanowire materials, silicon has the potential advantage of compatibility with very large scale integration (VLSI) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. These benefits are some of the main reasons for the significant interest in silicon nanowire based sensors with quite a large number of studies on the detection of analytes in aqueous environment, mainly within the context of biosensing (e.g., to detect biological species like DNA, proteins and viruses etc.). However, commercial silicon NW based sensors are still unavailable for analyte detection even in aqueous environment due to the difficulty in device manufacturing processes, reproducible sensing/integration issues and most importantly, due to the unavailability of economically viable route for mass fabrication. Silicon nanowire fabrication platform comprises bottom up, top down and spacer etch processes where conventional top down/bottom up processes usually realize sensors using single crystal silicon material whereas spacer etch process realizes sensors on polysilicon material. The choice of material is application/facility dependent and each of these material platforms have own advantages/disadvantages. The performance of nanowire as biosensor is inherently dependent on the choice of materials and also on nanotechnology variables like nanowire thickness, doping etc. A rigorous study of the effects of nanowire thickness/doping on the performance of siliconnanowire based sensors are rare in the literature and there is no study available on the critical comparison of the single crystal and polycrystalsilicon nanowire biosenors. We study for the first time the effect of nanowire thickness and doping concentration on the electrical characteristics ofsingle crystal and polycrystalline silicon nanowire biosensors and compare the performance of single crystal/polycrystal silicon nanowire biosensors to achieve a performance benchmark of sensors realized in these two material platforms. The intention is to appraise in depth the choice of nanotechnology variables for chosen material platforms for appreciable sensing. For nanowire thicknesses of 100 nm and 75 nm, a plausible sub-threshold slope around 100 mV/decade for a viable biosensor operation is achievable only if doping concentration is 2×1016/cm3 or below both for single crystal and poly Si nanowires. For a 50nm nanowire thickness a relatively wide doping concentration range with a maximum doping up to 4×1017/cm3 is viable for biosensor design while maintaining decentsub-threshold characteristics. The widest range of doping concentrations can be chosen for 25nm and 10nm nanowire thicknesses with a maximum doping up to 1018/cm3 for feasible biosensor design using single crystal and polycrystalline silicon nanowires. In general poly Si NW shows inferior characteristics than single crystal Si NW. However, for 10nm, Si NW single crystal & poly Si NW show same sub-threshold slopes at all doping densities. Considering the fact that spacer etch process provides the cheapest & mass manufacturable platform for biosensor fabrication using poly Si material in comparison to the available single crystal platforms, it can be decided that poly Si NW biosensor with Si thickness ≤ 10nm is the possible commercial route of sensor fabrication with similar performance like single crystal silicon nanowires. 2018-07-06T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/2525/3077 Application of Management Accounting Techniques in Manufacturing Firms in Bangladesh Shil, Nikhil Chandra; Das, Bhagaban Management accounting in recent years has changed significantly due to the change in production technology, bitter competition, involvement of consumers, and increased professionalism in managing business. Billions of dollars are now invested in manufacturing process whereas life cycle of modern technology becomes shorter. This dilemma exerts a big challenge on the scope of management accounting. In response, advanced techniques in the field of management accounting have been evolved in last couple of years. However, researchers in management accounting will give contradictory opinion regarding the application of advanced management accounting techniques (AMAT) in modern manufacturing environment (MME). Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting (Johnson and Kaplan, 1987) brings criticism on the relevance of management accounting information which is produced too late, too aggregated, and too distorted to be relevant for managers’ planning and controlling decisions. Manufacturing process is refined regularly whereas management accounting lags behind in addressing the revised needs. However, it’s very difficult to define AMAT and MME objectively as they depend on a lot of contextual variables. Again, establishing a crude relationship between AMAT and MME is not so easy. Amid such difficulty and differences in opinion, it is heartening for the management accounting researchers that a couple of techniques have already been developed and used in the field of management accounting giving sufficient support to MME. Exploring the relationship between AMAT and MME is an important area of study in Bangladesh as Bangladesh has become a destination of large industrial investments, even by international investors. Asian countries are lagging behind in terms of advanced manufacturing process as compared with advanced economy. Therefore, AMAT has already been developed strongly to cater to the specific need of management in these countries. This study basically intends to focus light on the management accounting techniques developed so far in response to modern production technology and their application from the perspective of Bangladesh. It also intends to highlight the specific benefits that management may capitalize from the use of such management accounting techniques. It will open up new avenues to carry out further researches in line with the specific objectives of different management accounting techniques. To fulfill the prime objective, a semi-structured questionnaire has been constructed and administered covering sampled manufacturing firms in Bangladesh to find out the possible bearing of management accounting techniques on productivity, competitive advantage and strategic positioning. The outcome of the study shows that the firms operating in Bangladesh still utilizes traditional techniques widely and the relationship among the chosen variables are not strong. It develops a weak profile of management accounting tools applied in Bangladesh. However, the result should be interpreted keeping the time frame and profile of the responding companies into consideration. 2018-01-05T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ewubd.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2275 The Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm's Performance: A Review of Banking Sector of Bangladesh Shil, Nikhil Chandra; Islam, Rashidul; Saha, Netai Kumar Corporate Governance (CG) becomes a buzzword due to its serious attractiveness to different stakeholders like academicians, policy makers etc. In the wake of the century, corporate management becomes the threat of financial manipulator which raise concern to all. CG enters into the realm of board room as a survivor from uncurious attitude of few active agents who always search for loopholes to plug in. Banking sector in Bangladesh is not an exception. Like other developing economics, the banking sector in Bangladesh is not an expectation. Like other developing economics, the banking sector becomes the dominant financial intermediary in the financial system of Bangladesh due to underdeveloped capital markets, limited availability of financial instruments and lack of confidence in financial system. Given the banks intermediately role in providing stability to the financial system, Bangladesh as well as many emerging economics has implemented policies to develop and restructure the banking sector. An important feature of these policies was to design guidelines for best practices known as ‘CG of Banks’. The unique feature of banking industry which deals with the money of the depositors conveys the inevitability to implement CG in this sector. Bangladesh owns a rich history of code of CG. At regular intervals, such code has been update. Bangladesh bank the central bank of Bangladesh, has also issued a separate code which is applicable to banks in addition to the guidelines issued by Bangladesh securities and exchange communication. These guidelines are based on the Agency theory and follow Anglo American model of CG. However different theories and models are developed globally to address the particular needs under consideration. This study aims to find out any relationship between CG as practiced by banks with performance. This study uses both primary and secondary sources of data for the analysis and exploits different descriptive and inferential statistical tools for drawing conclusions. It also employs ethnography as a research methods. The very purpose of this methodology is to interpret social reality. To bring triangulation, an in-depth interview technique is also employed where ten interviews were taken, coded and encrypted to supplement the outcome of quantitative studies. It is expected that the study will add values through its analysis to current state of knowledge and will also offer some areas for new researchers. 0007-01-01T00:00:00Z